Understanding Pressure Control Valve Types and Functions- Zhejiang Lasen Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd.

Understanding Pressure Control Valve Types and Functions

Pressure control valves are vital industrial guardians, preserving the delicate balance between optimal pressure levels and potential damage. Located in nuclear power plants, hydraulic systems, and oil rigs, they help safeguard operations by restricting the maximum system pressure safely. However, they must be properly adjusted and installed to perform their functions correctly. This is why we’ve put together this article to help you understand the various types and functions of these important valves.

PICVs control temperature, pressure, flow, and liquid level by opening or closing them partially depending on signals received by actuators. These actuators may be pneumatic, hydraulic, or electric, and they can be controlled by positioners to adjust their positions in response to signals from the controllers. This allows them to open and close the valves according to your specifications and requirements.

Direct-acting relief valves have a poppet that’s exposed to the system pressure on one side and opposed by an adjustable spring with a set force on the other side. When the pressure in the primary circuit rises, it pressurizes the spool and overcomes the force of the spring, causing the valve to open. A secondary port diverts the pressure to a reservoir tank (Fig. 1). As the valve opens, it continues to open until the pressure in the primary circuit reaches its cracking pressure, at which point the spring is no longer overloaded and the valve closes.

The valves have small channels in the body to either side of the diaphragm, so good water quality is essential for their proper operation. Strainers installed before the valves remove relatively large contaminants and protect the valve’s coils and equipment; however, they do not filter very tiny particles. These particles can damage the diaphragm, reducing its service life and leading to failure. Using a side stream (bypass) filter before the valves is an effective solution to this problem.

As the valves are opened and closed, they create vibrations that cause noise to be emitted. This noise is called chatter, and it can be reduced by using damped pressure control valves or by installing a sound-absorbing cladding. However, these solutions slow the reaction of the valve and increase its overall maintenance and operating costs.

Sequence valves are normally closed, 2-way valves that regulate the sequence in which various functions occur in a circuit. These valves are similar to direct-acting relief valves, but their spring chambers drain externally to the reservoir rather than internally to the outlet port. They also can open and close based on feedback lever positioning, which helps reduce vibrations caused by the valve movements. This is a key feature that makes them ideal for applications where the valves need to be shut off and on repeatedly. This is especially true when the application involves high cycle rates. As such, these valves are typically used in hydraulic circuits to actuate cylinders in a specific order. This allows the cylinders to displace their required loads efficiently while reducing the time it takes to complete the job.

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